α-D2PV (hydrochloride) — formally known as α-Pyrrolidino-2-phenylacetophenone hydrochloride, 1,2-diphenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone hydrochloride, or α-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-phenylacetophenone hydrochloride — is a novel synthetic cathinone belonging to the pyrrolidine-substituted class. This research chemical has emerged as a compound of significant interest in forensic and pharmacological research due to its distinctive structural features.
Unlike conventional cathinones that contain a β-keto moiety with an alkyl side chain, α-D2PV features a unique structural modification: the presence of a phenyl group directly attached to the α-carbon atom. This structural characteristic places it within a subclass of synthetic cathinones that have gained attention in the scientific literature for their unique analytical and pharmacological profiles.
This product is supplied as a high-purity crystalline solid, serving as an analytical reference standard for research applications including mass spectral analysis, structural characterization, method development, and in vitro pharmacological studies.
Chemical Identity
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name | 1,2-Diphenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone hydrochloride hemihydrate |
| CAS Number | 22311-88-2 |
| UNII | 5EB3HC2KW8 |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₈H₁₉NO · HCl · 0.5H₂O |
| Molecular Weight | 248.1 g/mol (free base) |
| Form | Crystalline solid |
| Synonyms | α-D2PV, Alpha-D2PV, α-Pyrrolidino-2-phenylacetophenone, 1-(2-Oxo-1,2-diphenylethyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium chloride, D2PV |
Structural Characteristics
α-D2PV belongs to a distinct subclass of synthetic cathinones characterized by:
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α-Carbon phenyl substitution: A phenyl group attached directly to the α-carbon, a structural feature not present in traditional cathinones like α-PVP or MDPV
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Pyrrolidine ring: A five-membered nitrogen-containing ring at the amine position, common among high-potency cathinones
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Diphenylethanone backbone: A 1,2-diphenylethan-1-one core structure that distinguishes it from β-keto-substituted cathinones
This unique structural configuration results in distinct physicochemical properties, analytical signatures, and pharmacological profiles compared to other synthetic cathinones.
Research & Forensic Applications
α-D2PV has been identified in seized drug samples globally and is the subject of active forensic and pharmacological research. Key research applications include:
Forensic Drug Analysis
Serves as a reference standard for identifying α-D2PV in seized samples using gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound produces characteristic fragmentation ions that enable definitive identification and differentiation from isomeric substances.
Mass Spectral Characterization
α-D2PV produces a characteristic electron ionization (EI) mass spectrum with the following major fragments:
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Base peak: m/z 160 (1-benzylidenepyrrolidinium ion)
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Major fragments: m/z 105 (benzoylium ion), m/z 91 (tropylium ion), m/z 77 (phenylium ion)
These fragmentation patterns are consistent with α-carbon-substituted cathinones and serve as reliable markers for analytical confirmation.
X-ray Crystallography
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal interesting structural features including:
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Hydrogen bonding networks mediated by chloride counter-anions
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π-π stacking interactions between adjacent phenyl rings
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Edge-to-π interactions contributing to crystal lattice stability
These structural insights are valuable for understanding the solid-state properties of this compound class.
Pharmacological Mechanism Studies
Recent research demonstrates that α-D2PV acts as a potent dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NE) uptake inhibitor with minimal activity at the serotonin transporter (SERT). This transporter binding profile is characteristic of pyrrolidine-containing cathinones associated with high abuse potential.
Abuse Liability Research
In vivo studies using rodent models have shown that α-D2PV:
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Elicits dose-dependent hyperlocomotion
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Produces rewarding effects in conditioned place preference paradigms
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Increases extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens
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Demonstrates high reinforcing efficacy in self-administration experiments
These findings indicate significant abuse potential comparable to other pyrrolidine-substituted cathinones.
Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Detail |
|---|---|
| Purity | ≥98% (analytical standard grade) |
| Storage Conditions | -20°C (recommended for long-term stability) |
| Physical Appearance | Off-white to colorless crystalline solid |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile |
| Stability | Stable for at least 12 months when stored desiccated at -20°C |
Analytical Data Summary
| Technique | Key Features |
|---|---|
| GC-MS (EI) | Base peak m/z 160; major ions m/z 105, 91, 77 |
| FTIR | Characteristic absorptions: C=O stretch (~1680 cm⁻¹), aromatic C-H stretches, pyrrolidine ring vibrations |
| X-ray Diffraction | Monoclinic crystal system; hydrogen bonding networks; π-π stacking interactions |
Regulatory Status
α-D2PV is recognized as a novel psychoactive substance (NPS) of concern by international forensic and public health authorities. It has been detected in the global illicit drug market and is subject to monitoring under various early warning systems. Researchers should verify the regulatory status of this compound in their jurisdiction prior to procurement, as it may be classified as a controlled substance in many countries.
Important Safety Notice
This product is strictly intended for research and forensic applications only. It is:
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NOT for human or veterinary use
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NOT an FDA-approved drug or medicine
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NOT for therapeutic, diagnostic, or in vivo applications in humans
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For laboratory use only by qualified researchers
Researchers handling this compound must observe appropriate laboratory safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper chemical hygiene practices, and adherence to institutional safety guidelines. A safety data sheet (SDS) is available upon request.
Related Analytical Standards
For comprehensive synthetic cathinone analysis, α-D2PV is often used alongside related reference standards including:
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α-PVP (α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone)
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MDPV (3′,4′-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone)
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α-PHP (α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone)
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4F-α-PVP (4-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone)
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N-Ethylpentedrone (NEP)
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